Do you have pain in right side below the ribs? Do you have flatulence? Are you stressed? Then you have all chances to have some liver problems. From simple dyskinesia and biliary lithiasis to serious diseases such as cirrhosis or hepatitis C, all are caused by improper functioning of the liver. The liver acts as a filter to remove pathogens and toxins from the blood and helping the assimilation of most nutrients. Therefore, everything that is ingested has effect on the liver, an effect that is sometimes positive, sometimes negative. Therefore, it is recommended that liver patients should be careful about their diet.
Biliary Dyskinesia
Biliary dyskinesia denotes a disturbance in the mechanism of bile secretion, disorder related to motor dysfunction of the gallbladder, bile duct or sphincter of Oddi (a muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices, bile duct entering the duodenum).
Biliary dyskinesia is a complex digestive disorder manifested by pain in the right side of the abdomen below the ribs (pain that may have different intensities, from simple discomfort to severe colic), bitter taste of mouth, nausea, vomiting, burning in the upper abdomen between the ribs and the umbilicus, lack of appetite, irritability, physical and intellectual fatigue and flatulence. The clinical picture may be quasi-permanent or recurring character. It is important to note that biliary dyskinesia itself is not a disease but a syndrome (overall clinical symptoms and / or signs that characterize a group of diseases with no specific cause). The gallbladder stores the bile which is released by the liver. The bile reaches the small intestine where it digests the fat from food. In order to reach the small intestine, the bile must pass through the common bile duct and when the bile cannot be secreted by the gallbladder or cannot flow through the common bile duct then it will return to the gallbladder, leading to biliary dyskinesia.
Biliary dyskinesia may indicate the existence of gallbladder stones, pancreatitis and other disorders that may require surgical intervention. However, symptoms may be induced by the use of certain types of food. Chronic inflammation may be another cause of it. The main reasons that cause biliary dyskinesia are: the presence of malformed gallbladder (which predisposes to the formation of gallstones called Biliary lithiasis), abnormal motility of sphincter of Oddi (commonly occurs 4-5 years after post lithiasis cholecystectomy), bad eating habits (excess fatty meat, chips, egg yolk, mayonnaise, spices, chocolate leading to biliary dyskinesia), adjacent organ disorders (colitis, gastritis and even gynecological diseases). Also, biliary dyskinesia can be evolved by nonfood factors like: endocrine disorders, gynecological disorders, stress, physical exhaustion, anxiety disorders and / or depression.
Most types of gallbladder disorders have similar symptoms. An extensive differential diagnosis is necessary to exclude other diseases. The doctor usually requests blood tests and ultrasound. If the outcome of the investigation is negative, it will make other tests or scans to evaluate gallbladder function. If a thorough investigation is necessary then, a procedure cholecystography will be undertaken (Cholecystography is a procedure in which x-rays are used to visualize the gallbladder following ingestion of a radiopaque dye. The dye is ingested with a high-fat meal at noon on the day before the test, and it becomes concentrated in the gallbladder. The next day, x-ray images of the gallbladder are taken). Also, gender, age and obesity are some important factors in triggering biliary dyskinesia crisis. Thus elderly and overweight women are more likely to suffer from biliary dyskinesia than men.
If you suffer from a biliary condition such as biliary dyskinesia, you should take in consideration that some foods should be avoided in such conditions as they can cause the biliary troubles. The examples of these are: excessive consumption of animal fats, sauces with roux, mincemeat, eggs, tobacco, coffee, soft drinks or alcohol. In this situation dried vegetables should also be avoided like: mushrooms, eggplant, cucumbers, celery, onions, garlic and leeks. The light foods are usually recommended like: vegetable soups, boiled or baked potatoes, chicken, beef or turkey meat (boiled or grilled), fish, fruit and vegetables (non fried) as these foods do not require too much bile activity. Also cow milk cheese, skimmed milk, yogurt, toast and biscuits are also recommended.
People with such symptoms are advised to avoid excessive eating habits in order to avoid the irregular bile activity and digestive disorder. A healthy habit like eating at regular times saupports an effective biliary function and it is recommended for persons to lie down on the right side direction for 30 minutes after lunch.
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Hepatic Steatosis
Hepatic steatosis is a liver disease characterized by the accumulation of fat in liver cells (hepatocytes). “Fatty liver” or “enlarged liver” are terms commonly used by doctors for their patients with this condition. Specifically, fatty liver or hepatic steatosis is a reversible condition characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides in liver cells during the process called steatosis – abnormal retention of lipids within liver cells. This condition can occur temporarily or for long term and is not painful and can be asymptomatic for a long period of time. Fatty liver is the most common liver pathology with low incidence in countries with low economic level whereas, in industrialized countries having high occurrences this Hepatic steatosis.
Although it has many causes, Hepatic steatosis appears predominantly in persons who suffer from chronic alcoholism and obesity. Moreover, this condition is also associated with disorders related to fat metabolism. Major cause that lead to hepatic steatosis are chronic alcoholism, obesity, diabetes mellitus, elevated triglycerides and / or cholesterol levels in blood (hyperlipoproteinemia), and some long-term medications such as steroids and estrogen hormones pills. In the early stages of disease, there are no symptoms appears of Hepatic steatosis, most patients are diagnosed incidentally.
Hepatic steatosis is assocaited with painless, enlarged liver with unmodified margins and that is the only clinical sign of Hepatic steatosis found on ultrasound. Hepatic steatosis may also be accompanied by splenomegaly (enlarged spleen). Appetite is normal, but there appear only dyspeptic phenomena as a consequence of concomitant pancreatic or gastric distress. The microscopy of hepatocytes shows their increased volume due to fat deposition. The liver problems are somewhat common, but sometimes their relapse is associated with high activity levels of serum transaminase. Hepatic steatosis is the first stage of non-viral hepatic disorder and it untreated and if there is no proper hygienic and dietary regime is maintained, then it may lead to chronic hepatitis which is an inflammatory stage of liver. If, during this stage, there is no set treatment is taken, the disease worsens and the healthy tissue will be replacing by nodules of fibrosis leading to evolution of cirrhosis.
Hepatic steatosis without any complicated stage is reversible, for this, it is necessary to apply liver health management measures. The consumption of foods such as animal fats fatty meat causing Hepatic steatosis should be avoided. It is also recommended to avoid beverages and foods causing hepatic steatosis and worsening the disease such as alcohol, animal fats, bird skin, pork, mutton, sausages, egg yolks, sheep dairy products, fried foods, stews, smoked foods and foods that contain preservatives, synthetic chemicals as well as those causing gastric discomforts, sweets or foods high in carbohydrates, synthetic or carbonated.juices. the nature of alcoholic hepatic steatosis In case of Hepatic steatosis associated with chronic alcoholism, avoiding alcohol is a part of the treatment leading to a rapid regression of the disease The patient’s diet should be dominating with vegetables, fruits, fiber, naturally processed oils, fish, whole grains, brown rice, green tea, mushrooms and foods containing high contents of vitamin C. It is also necessary to maintain normal body weight and avoiding smoking. Also, regular exercise is beneficial with maintaining proper rest and sleep must be complied to avoid stress.
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Hepatic Insufficiency
Hepatic insufficiency is a chronic or acute condition, characterized by the liver’s inability to perform normal functions. Being a fatal disease with potential liver failure, it requires emergency medical care. Chronic liver insufficiency develops slowly over several years whereas acute liver insufficiency occurs rapidly, even in 48 hours and is quite difficult to detect in time, which increases its chances of risk.
Symptoms of inadequate liver functions are not typical, patients know that abnormal functioning can be due to liver disease, but in most cases, abnormal liver functioning is not associated with liver disease, because abnormal liver functioning appears only in case of serious liver diseases. Moreover, most liver diseases evolve from long without inadequate liver functions.
In general, hepatic insufficiency is associated with excessive alcohol consumption, but there are other causes which may determine such a disease. Common causes of hepatic insufficiency include: hepatitis B and C, malnutrition, cirrhosis of the liver due to any cause, hemochromatosis (a disorder of iron metabolism characterized by iron pigment deposition in various organs). Primary symptom in the early stages of the disease is skin and eyes jaundice that occurs when the liver is unable to metabolize bilirubin, a substance that formed through the breakdown of hemoglobin and to be eliminated from the body. Changing the color of urine and fecal material due to excessive accumulation of bilirubin is another alarming sign of hepatic insufficiency.
The way in which hepatic insufficiency makes its presence felt in the early stages include symptoms that can be found with other disorders: nausea, loss of appetite, fatigue, diarrhea. They may also be experienced pain in the right side of the abdomen, caused by inflammation and liver enlargement. Severe itching may occur, caused by deposits of bile in the skin as well as bleeding and bruises that occur due to the inability of the liver to produce proteins necessary for coagulation process. People with liver failure first may suffer from varicose veins, caused by decreased blood flow passing through the liver. Ascites fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity may also occur as a result of low levels of albumin in the blood. In addition, in cases of hepatic insufficiency, the liver blood glucose fluctuates because the liver cannot help pancreas in carbohydrate metabolism, and patients feel mental and physical discomforts caused by the accumulation of toxins in the body.
Prevention of hepatic insufficiency involves reducing the risk of developing cirrhosis or hepatitis. There are very simple preventive measures including: reducing alcohol consumption, maintaining proper hygiene, immunization of children and pregnant women with immunoglobulins, adopting a complete diet combining all food groups.
Treatment of abnormal liver functions is not a simple problem. Doctors can diagnose hepatic insufficiency by relying on symptoms and physical examination, blood tests evaluating liver functions, which are usually severely impaired. Treatment depends on the cause and specific symptoms of the disease. The urgency of treatment depends on whether the disease type is acute or chronic, while the basic treatment principles remain same. Currently there are several levels of hepatic insufficiency basic treatment like: proper rest, low protein diets, avoidance of salt, fried foods, alcohol, causal treatments (treatment of bleeding ulcer, toxic medicaments, anti-viral treatment causing hepatotoxicity ) as well as avoiding potential sources causing liver poisoning is necessary. Proper bowel movement is also necessary to expel toxins from the body.
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